The spirit of jade represents the core values ​​of Chinese culture such as tenacity, strength, courage and pursuit of beauty.
The aristocrats of the princes wore the jewels on their chests or the jade belts at the waist. This is not only the need to shape the characters, but also the regulations of the costume etiquette system.
The moral beauty, the beauty of the character, and the beauty of the temperament can all be compared with jade.
"Gold is valuable for priceless jade." Only jade articles with high history, craftsmanship, and aesthetic value, as well as jade articles with beautiful jade materials and good preservation, have a wealth of wealth.
The position of Chinese jade culture in the history of human civilization development can be expressed in two sentences. First, it has a long history, tens of thousands of years of endlessness, and has been popular ever since. Second, it has far-reaching influence on the development of Chinese culture, the establishment of ceremonial system, and ideological concepts. The formation of the formation has had a profound impact, "big beads and beads fall into the jade plate."
Jade is the dawn of Chinese civilization
It is often said that China has a history of 5,000 years of civilization, and archaeological findings show that Chinese jade culture has a long history of 8,000 years, and jade is the dawn of Chinese civilization.
In recent years, archaeologists have discovered a Neolithic culture with a unique cultural landscape under the dry farming agricultural land of Chifeng Shuhan Banner in Inner Mongolia, named Xinglongæ´¼ Culture. The Xinglongyu culture ancestors lived in a simple but elegant house and lived a settled life. Below the house, buried bones of the ancestors and relics used before, including jade, have special burial customs. Hundreds of jade articles have been discovered in Xinglongyu culture jade, mainly including jade and jade axes. Particularly striking is the jade, a ring-shaped jade with a gap, which is unearthed around the ears of the tomb owner. It is the jade earrings that the tomb owner wore before his life, creating a precedent for jade earrings. The earliest jade earrings seen in the world. Through the scientific measurement of the coexistence of jade around the jade, the Xinglongyu culture jade has a history of 8,000 years. It is the earliest artificial jade jade with clear form and concept features of Chinese archaeological discoveries, jade carving method and drilling technique. It has reached an amazing level.
The land of China is the hometown of the dragon, and the Chinese nation is the descendant of the dragon. The earliest dragon in China is Yulong, which has been in existence for more than 5,000 years. The Hongshan culture in the Liao River Basin in Northeast China is the earliest Chinese Neolithic culture in the Yulong era.
When the northeast Hongshan culture is high-yield in Yulong and widely used in Yulong, the Lingjiatan culture of the Jianghuai River at the same time or later, the Shijiahe culture in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and the Liangzhu culture in the Taihu Lake region in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, etc. Late culture, also began to ponder the jade dragon or dragon-shaped, dragon jade.
Lingjiatan culture jade dragon, flat round, connected end to end, the head out of the corner, the back with a mane, a dignified, smooth and smooth.
Shijiahe culture Yulong, the shape is similar to the Lingjiatan culture jade dragon, the first and the tail body are hugs together, the middle through the round hole, the dragon head and the dragon horn are honed by the string pattern, and the technique is concise and smooth.
Liangzhu culture dragon shape, dragon jade, a large number, independent form of jade dragon is rare, more is a circular jade carved on the dragon head pattern, there is a single dragon head, symmetric double dragon head, multi-long head arrangement In various forms, it shows that Liangzhu Culture Yulong has its art form has entered a more advanced stage. It will smash the key parts of different forms of Yulong, highlighting the dragon head, simplifying the dragon tail, hiding the dragon body, and conceiving unique ideas. Exclusive luck.
Investigating the relationship between different cultures and jade dragons in the Neolithic Age of China, there is no relationship between communication and communication between them. They are independently invented by each other. They enter almost the same stage of development in the primitive society, and use the same material to ponder the same artistic image. Accidental coincidence is the inevitable result of historical development? Intriguing. The Neolithic Yulong in different regions is not only an important symbol of the cultural development level of the Neolithic Age, but also a milestone in the development of early Chinese civilization. Numerous North and South, East and West Yulong, to a 3,000 years ago, formed a strong cultural force, gradually gathered in the Central Plains, became the Chinese Yulong, which was recognized by the Chinese ancestors, and became an important symbol of the origin and development of Chinese civilization. Jade culture is an oriental culture that has never been interrupted for eight thousand years in the history of world culture.
Jade is the carrier of Chinese traditional etiquette
China is a state of etiquette. The jade ritual originated in the distant ancient times. In addition to being widely used in costumes, it is not necessary to use jade to worship the heavens and the earth, to marry and mourn, to issue decrees. After entering the civilized society, Chinese jade articles have always been an important carrier of political concepts, ritual forms, and cultural heritage.
When we look at costume dramas, we often see the princes and nobles hanging on the chest, or admiring the jade belt at the waist. This is not only the need to shape the characters, but also the regulations of the costume etiquette system. For example, the guardian of the Ming dynasty of Nanjing Ming Xiaoling, Weng Zhongzhong also admire the standard 20 jade belts of the Ming Dynasty, because they are royal officials, can admire.
The ancients believed that the heavens and the earth, the east, the south, the west, and the north, each had a god, so they regularly sacrificed with jade. "Zhou Li" contains: "Jade as a six-piece, to courtesy of the heavens and the earth. To the heavens and the heavens, to the Yellow Emperor, to the Qing Dynasty, to the east, to the south, to the west, to the west, to the north." . In ancient times, jade festivals were used to worship the sun, the moon and the stars, and the mountains and rivers, to pray for peace in the world and the well-being of the people. For example, "the moon, the moon, the moon, and the stars", that is, the use of Yugui and Yuxi to worship the sun, the moon and the stars; "Shen Ma and Yu Lishui also god "Yi Ma, Yu Yu sacrificed rivers and rivers;" "The Emperor of Heaven hopes to worship the mountains, the sea, the sacrifices, and there are buried jade", in addition to the sacrifice of the rivers and rivers, Yu Yu also sacrificed the sea.
Before the paper-based instruments were used, the appointment of officials in the ancient times also used jade, and Yugui was the price of the official ranks. Because of the difference in the level of the title, when the ministers meet or the princes visit, the jade articles are different, to show the level of the title.
In ancient China, the rituals of the ancient rituals were used to worship the heavens and the earth, using the hexagrams of ç®, ç’§, åœ, ç’‹, ç¥, ç’œ, and 玉 分别 , , 分别 分别 å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å› å›The "six instruments" and "six rui" jade articles are not only important instruments reflecting the ancient ritual system, but also a direct reflection of the ancient ritual system culture. They are also an important embodiment of the ancient "thickness and morality" concept. "Book of Changes" contains: "Tian Xingjian, the gentleman to self-improvement; the terrain is Kun, the gentleman carries the virtues." Gentlemen respect the heavens and the earth with the "six instruments"; the gentleman establishes the ranks with "six ruins" in order to seek people and better govern the society. Through the ceremonial jade, the sages carry out the ceremonial ceremonies and ceremonial activities, and pursue the harmonious environment of the heavens and the earth, and they can accumulate good virtues, increase virtues, and carry all things. The world is the largest in the world, and can accommodate all things; people have deep virtues, and they can carry everything as the heavens and the earth, and be kind to nature.
It is worth mentioning that the ancient imperial seal system also used jade, which was founded in Qin. Qin enacted the "Yufu Six 玺": "The Emperor's 玺, the Emperor of Heaven"; the emperor believes in 玺, the emperor believes in 玺; the emperor 玺, the emperor 玺 玺, each has its purpose. The Qin dynasty system not only created the system of the post-inspection of the post-inspector, but also the use of smear-printing, and the slogan was also transformed from a practical letter to an authority, power, and status. In the Qin Dynasty, there was also the famous jade official 玺 ä¼ ä¼ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ å’Œ. In the Qing Dynasty, the official seal of the jade system reached twenty-five treasures, representing all aspects of the emperor's exercise of the supreme power of the state. In the Qing Dynasty, the "Emperor's Treasure" jade seal, Manchu, Han Zhuwen, Panlong button, the Qing Dynasty emperor issued the script, which became the symbol of the authority of the Chinese Empire.
It can be seen that jade is an important carrier of Chinese traditional etiquette culture. On the one hand, it shows the aesthetics of Yujie Bingqing, the special attribute of virtue and morality, and more importantly, it shows the authority of etiquette system.
Jade is the embodiment of oriental beauty
Beauty is a feeling, an experience, a pleasure, and the understanding and expression of beauty in ancient and modern China and foreign countries are different. From the perspective of philology, the Chinese ancestors first thought that the big sheep was beautiful, because "beauty" is the meaning of the word, the big sheep is beautiful, the beauty is beautiful and delicious. This is the primary experience of beauty. Jade reflects the beauty of the beauty and the advanced experience and form of beauty. Yumei is reflected in the essence of jade, the beauty of human image, and the virtue and beauty of human being. It is a symbol of oriental beauty.
Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty said in "Said Wen Jie Zi": "Jade, the beauty of stone has five virtues", this is the definition of "Jade". Simply put, it is "the beauty of stone is jade". From this definition, we can see that "Jade" has a close relationship with "Stone". Jade is a kind of stone, but it is not a general stone, but a beautiful stone. There is jade in the stone and stone in the jade. But jade is not an ordinary beauty stone. Stones such as Taihu Stone, Huangshi, Lingbi Stone, and Indian Stone, although they are also beautiful stones or aragonites, why can't they be called "jade", because "Jade" needs to have "five virtues" in addition to beauty. . The "German" mentioned here is not the meaning of morality, but the meaning of quality, character and character. It is said that in addition to the bright color, "Jade" should also have a tough texture, a crystal luster, a dense and transparent organization, and a sound of soothing. According to Xu's point of view, only the beautiful stone with warm color, fine texture, dense texture, firm hardness and strong toughness can be called jade. It can be seen that there is no shortage of conditions for the beautiful stone of jade. This is the standard jade in the minds of Han Confucian scholars. However, the "jade" in nature, due to the different geological conditions, is good or bad, some are basically free of stone, some are more stoney, some are less stone, and the ancients used a very clever method, namely Use some words with the word "jade" to distinguish the pros and cons of jade texture, such as roses, yoga, Yao, ç®ç‘›, ball, Qi, Lin, etc., all refer to the jade; ç¨, 玢, etc. refers to ordinary jade; , ç‰, ç‚, etc., refers to the beautiful stone like jade; ç’ž, etc., refers to the stone containing jade, also refers to the thicker jade skin.
"Book of Rites" cloud: "Dagui is not awkward, beauty is also good." The beauty of jade, in its quality, by its quality. In the beauty of jade, the beauty of the material is the foundation. With the beauty of the material, it has the beauty of the shape, the beauty of the ornamentation, the beauty of the craft, and the specific jade is also humanistic. In the Warring States period, the story of the king and the king of Chu was emphasized. The emphasis is on the beauty of the material of jade, and the beauty of the material is derived from the beauty of the soul and moral beauty.
In ancient culture, there are many beautiful descriptions about jade. "Book of Songs" contains: "The son of the other, beautiful as jade, beautiful as jade, is different from the public." "The Book of Songs" also contains: "White Mao pure bundle, there are women like jade." Speaker's appearance is as beautiful as jade. Because jade is a symbol of beauty, ancient lovers also use jade as a token of mutual gifts. The Book of Songs also contains: "I voted for papaya, and reported it to Qiong, and reported it, and always thought it was good." "Book of Songs" Cloud: "The Zhizi comes, and the miscellaneous gifts are given; the Zhizi Zhishun, the miscellaneous to ask for it; the Zhizi is good, the miscellaneous to report it." "Jade Girl" and "Jade" in the Chinese vocabulary People, Yurong, Jade, Jade, Jade, Jade, Jade, Jade, Jade, Yuhua, Jade "Yulu"; in the idioms, "Jinyu is outside, ruining it", "bringing bricks to attract jade", "slimming", "Qiong Yuyu", "beautiful crown jade", all contain human beauty, appearance and beauty, It is the reflection of the beauty of jade in the history of culture.
In ancient times, there were also "gentlemen and noble jade", "gentlemen are better than jade", "there is no cover for Yu, and Yu does not cover up". This is to compare human morality to jade and personalize jade to evaluate and judge a person. The standard of behavioral good and evil, high morality. Jade is not short, and the appearance is the same, symbolizing the noble quality of people's bright and lofty; jade and beautiful, which means that people always yearn for good; jade is immortal, indicating that people have firm beliefs, ideals and goals. The ancient teachings of "Ning can be broken, not complete" ("Bei Qi Shu·Yuan Jing An Chuan") is the ideal norm of the ancient people's morality, chastity, and integrity. In short, people's moral beauty, good taste, and temperament can be compared with jade.
Jade is a symbol of national wealth
The Chinese nation has regarded jade as a treasure since ancient times. A "trea" word includes "jade". "Mozi" cloud: "The shackles of Heshi, the beads of the Hou, the three spines and six different (Jiu Ding), the treasures of this prince also." He Shizhen, with Houzhu in the ancient Chinese jade gem culture is not necessarily the most outstanding The masterpiece is the jade gemstone with the highest reputation and reputation. In ancient times, there was a saying that "the beads of the princes and the priests of the ancestors could be enemies." He Shizhen refers to the jade of Zhao Guo in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The Houzhu refers to the orbs of the country during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and is called the ancient double treasure, which is worth the price. It can be seen that the wealth value of ancient jade gems mainly refers to its rarity.
The ancestors also used the gathering jade as a means of gathering wealth. Archaeological excavations show that the ancient princes and nobles have a prominent position and also possess a large amount of jade wealth. A noble lady of the Shang Dynasty Wu Ding period was also buried with 755 jade articles. It is conceivable that people with higher status must have more jade articles. The senior officials of the Ming Dynasty especially loved the jade belt, and the few had several pairs of jade belts, many of which reached dozens, hundreds or even thousands of jade belts. In the Ming Dynasty, the tombs of the Ming Dynasty, which were excavated in Henan Province, unearthed 16 pairs of jade belts. Some corrupt officials of the Ming Dynasty used the possession of jade belts as a means of collecting money. For example, Wu Zongzhao of the Ming Dynasty ordered the copying of Liu Yu’s family, and he obtained 80 pairs of jade belts. He copied the money of Ning’s family and obtained 2,500 pairs of jade belts. The number is unbelievable.
In modern times, due to the emergence of the gold standard system, especially since gold has been reserved as a world-recognized preserved wealth, the value of Chinese jade has begun to be associated with gold, and there is a saying that “gold is valuable and jade is pricelessâ€. The reason why gold is valuable, because gold as a precious metal that can be traded worldwide, generally has a benchmark price for a period of time, generally in ounces and grams as the basic transaction unit. Therefore, the price of gold is measurable, and its value is also measurable, so it is also valuable.
The reason why jade is priceless, because in addition to the jade material can be priced by weight, the value of history, culture, art and so on reflected in jade, there is almost no gold, and it is difficult to measure by quantity, the value is difficult to determine. The cultural value of jade is greater than the value of wealth, so people often say that jade is priceless. In fact, jade is not priceless. "Jade is priceless" can only be regarded as describing the value of jade is relatively high, relatively precious, and relatively rare.
Gold gives people a sense of wealth stability, and jade gives people a sense of spiritual pleasure. Jade has the value of culture and the power of culture, while the value of culture and the power of culture are invaluable.
What needs to be pointed out here is that not all jade articles are “priceless treasuresâ€. Only jade articles with high history, craftsmanship and aesthetic value, as well as jade articles with fine jade materials and good preservation, have a wealth of wealth. Huang Longyu, who was crazy about hype in the past few years, is short-lived because the material itself is not beautiful and lacks warmth and beauty. Upscale Burmese jade, although the current price has played rare gems, and ultimately does not have the deep historical value, cultural value, and artistic value of traditional Chinese jade, hiding a lot of risks, ebb and flow are common.
"Laozi" cloud: "Golden jade full house, no one can keep", unlimited wealth, limited life, the most wealth can not be held. People gather gold and wealth, the most enjoyable is not the result, but the process. In front of Jinyu Fortune, everyone is a passer-by, no one can ever have it, and what is truly immortal is Jinyu itself, with eternal economic, cultural and historical value.
Pu Memory Foam Pillow,Memory Foam Neck Pillow,Memory Foam Body Pillow,Memory Foam Travel Pillow
Changzhou Broad New Materials Technology Co., Ltd , http://www.czbroad.com