What are the ancient kiln in Jingdezhen?

According to the existing archaeological data, Jingdezhen has not yet discovered kiln sites before the Tang Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. Among the found kiln sites, there are early kiln such as Shengmeiting, Shihuwan and Huangnitou. Song Dynasty kiln sites have been found in Hutian, Xianghu, Nanshi Street, Willow Bay and other kiln, are burning blue and white porcelain. This article is for you to briefly introduce Shengmeiting kiln, Shihuwan kiln, Liujiawan kiln, Hutian kiln, Qing kiln, Jun kiln, for your reference.

Shengmeiting Kiln

Shengmeiting kiln, also known as Yangmei Pavilion Kiln, is a five-generation Jingdezhen porcelain kiln to the Song Dynasty. The kiln site is located in Shengmeiting Village, two kilometers from the Hutian Jinnan Mountain in Jingdezhen. It is one of the earliest kiln sites found in southern China where white porcelain was burned. Shengmei Pavilion kiln made celadon and white porcelain. The celadon glaze is grayish, with its bright part and microstrip green. The white glaze has a pure tone and high whiteness. There are pots, pots, water bowls, plates, bowls, etc. The shapes are the same as the white porcelain unearthed in the fifth generation. Celadon and white porcelain are all supported by a branch firing method. The outsole and bowl core of the bowl are burned. The success of the Shengmeiting kiln, the Shihuwan kiln and the Huangnitou kiln white kiln firing has played an extremely important role in the production of the Qing Dynasty white porcelain of the Song Dynasty and the development of the porcelain industry in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. After entering the Song Dynasty, Shengmeiting kiln continued to burn, but it has been changed to blue and white porcelain.

Shihuwan kiln

Shihuwan kiln is another porcelain kiln from the Five Dynasties to Song Dynasty in Jingdezhen. It is located in Shihu Bay between Xianghu Lake and Hutian, about 10 kilometers away from Jingdezhen.

Like Shengmei Meiting Kiln, it also burns celadon and white porcelain. Celadon fetal bone is generally thick, occasionally thin, all gray. Green glaze with yellow, as commonly known as crab shell blue; glaze layer is very thin, with very fine patterns. White porcelain enamel, type plate, bowl, wash and so on. The bottom of the plate is wide-brimmed, and it is made of stacked fire. There are traces of bonanza burning on the wide side. There are also remnants of the burned bonanza in the heart of the plate; the heart is glazed. After the Shihu Bay Kiln entered the Song Dynasty, it changed its burning of white and blue porcelain.

Liujiawan Kiln

Liujiawan Kiln is a green and white porcelain kilns, and the kiln is located in the town of Shoosan, 20 kilometers southeast of Jingdezhen. Relics have an area of ​​about 10,000 square meters. The porcelain age was from the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty.

Liujiawan kiln products are made of glutinous rice, cups and bowls. The glaze is mostly light blue, but also lake green, pink, light green, beige and other colors, all clear and clean, quiet and elegant. Its porcelain wares are burned in a single piece. The bottom mud cakes are separated from the roots; the cake diameters are smaller than the feet of the utensils. Porcelain burned out, and the ring was polished and glazed.

Hutian Kiln

Hutian Kiln is a famous kilns in ancient China. Records of this porcelain kiln are included in ancient documents such as "Taoji", "Nanyao Notes" and "Jingdezhen Taolu". The kiln site is located in Hutian Village, Jingcheng Township, southeast of Jingdezhen. Kiln relics and relics have an accumulated area of ​​400,000 square meters.

From the survey and excavation data, this kiln was booming in the Five Dynasties. It ended at the time of the Ming Dynasty Longqing and Wanli and continued to be burned for 600 years. As for the burning of porcelain varieties, the five generations of products have two categories of gray fetal celadon and white fetal white porcelain. After entering the Song Dynasty, there has been no production of celadon of gray tires, all of which are blue and white porcelain. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, glazes were white and blue. In the later period of the Yuan Dynasty, the main varieties were egg white glaze products, which were the so-called “Song Housewares”; there were also new varieties of blue flowers and red glazes. In the Ming Dynasty, I saw blue and white pure white.

The products of Hutian Kiln are the most accomplished with the Qing Dynasty white porcelain, Yuan Dynasty egg white glaze and blue and white flowers. The blue and white porcelain found here belonged to the late Yuan Dynasty and were excavated in the Philippines, Iran, Turkey, and other countries.

Qing Kiln

There are six kinds of official kiln in Ming Dynasty's imperial factory, namely, Fenghuo kiln, color kiln, Dalong kiln, size graffiti kiln, kiln kiln, and Qing kiln. The wind kiln is the general term here. The kiln and the unofficial kiln are Jin kiln and kiln are burning oysters, and only the dragon kiln and the green kiln are the real porcelain wares. The green kiln is a porcelain kiln made from various types of porcelain other than large dragon cylinders. The so-called "blue" does not mean blue, but refers to the fineness of porcelain. Since the Ming Dynasty, the fineness of Jingdezhen porcelain was "top grade is green", such as "first green", "green", "three-color green" and the like. In order to protect the quality of the porcelain, the kiln of the green kiln is very small.

Jun Kiln

Some books that once recorded the history of "Jing porcelain" mentioned that Jingdezhen had had a "military kiln" and that it was an error of "all" kiln. In fact, "military kiln" is there, not only in the Song Dynasty but also in the Ming Dynasty. Jingdezhen in the Ming Dynasty had several types of kiln: one was a royal kiln factory (also known as the official kiln) and the other was a folk kiln. Jun Kiln is a military kiln in Jingdezhen. It is called a military kiln and is roughly the same in nature as a civilian kiln. Fuliang County Zhitao Zhengbian (property records) has the phrase “in addition to seeing the factory officer's kiln seat, Zhufan’s 'junk' and “people's old and new kiln seats” can be proved. Why does Jingdezhen have a "military kiln"? It was originally in the late Yuan Dynasty. The peasants all got up, and a bit of people were light and led the Duchang peasants to occupy counties near Jingdezhen. Yu Guang used Zhushan in Jingdezhen as a base camp. Later, Yu Guangyuan was accompanied by Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang transferred his personnel to the northwest and took charge of the military by adjusting the tiger to the mountain. His subordinates remained in the town. They had already entered the military in the Ming Dynasty, they did not return to Duchang, they were in the camp kiln industry in Jingdezhen, so they had the name of “military kiln”.